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Bias in Recording History
English historians have often been guilty of emphasizing victories while giving little attention to defeats. The successes of Edward III and the Black Prince...
The Limits of Physical Courage
Physical courage—sheer bravery in battle—is a quality shared by all soldiers, not just kings and nobles. In fact, most male soldiers naturally possess this...
The Nature of Challenges in Medieval Warfare
In medieval Europe, sending a challenge for personal combat—called a cartel—was sometimes considered an appeal to heaven. It was a way to decide disputes...
The Limits of Church Power
Although the power of the church was very great and its influence spread across society, it could not completely stop the growth of human...
The Strong Organization of the Church
The church was much better organized than the nobles, and this gave it a great advantage in power. While the nobles often acted separately...
Power Without Order
Outside the influence of the church, there was often no clear system of law or organized authority. Instead, society was ruled by brute force...
Annual Preventive Examinations for Children and Workers
In Bulgaria, all children and pupils undergo basic and comprehensive preventive medical examinations every year. These exams help detect health problems early and ensure...
Prophylactic Measures in the Bulgarian Health System
In the People’s Republic of Bulgaria, preventive medicine and prophylactic measures are a central part of the public health system. The government and medical...
Development of Public Medical Care in Socialist Bulgaria
The development of socialist society in Bulgaria has required increasing efforts to meet the growing needs for public medical care. In response, the country’s...
Popularity of the “Unfading Rose” Theme
During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Marian icons with themes such as the “Unfading Rose” became widely requested by buyers. Many of these icons...
